Taurine has a protective role, sustaining the phagocytic ability of neutrophils independently the stimulus including age ( 11) or hyperlipidemia ( 12). For example, experimental evidence has highlighted that taurine mainly exerts its anti-oxidant activity through inhibition of sodium arsenite-induced apoptosis in neutrophils ( 10). The contribution of taurine to the immune surveillance relies on the anti-oxidant properties of taurine ( 8) and its membrane-stabilizing capacity ( 9). It has been reported that taurine concentration can reach 50-70% in neutrophilic granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes ( 5- 7). Taurine accumulates in phagocytes (both neutrophils and macrophages) as well as in inflammatory lesions, illustrating its potential significance in innate immunity ( 5). The anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of taurine constitute the main mechanisms that account for its cytopro-tection ( 3, 4). Taurine plays a significant role in homeostasis because it is involved in the regulation of the following processes: cell volume regulation, osmo-regulation, protein phosphorylation, membrane stability, bile acid conjugation, neuromodulation, maintenance of calcium concentration, and detoxification of xenobiotics ( 3).
Taurine is essential for cell growth of renal, neural, and cardiac cells, preventing death procedures ( 1, 2). Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a non-essential amino acid that is abundant in all mammalian tissues. In this regard, we can translate basic knowledge about taurine and its TUG1 lncRNA into potential therapeutic options directed against specific oncogenic signaling targets, thereby bridging the gap between bench and bedside. Interestingly, the lncRNA TUG1 is regarded as a promising therapeutic approach, which can overcome acquired resistance of cancer cells to selected strategies. Taurine can be combined with other chemotherapeutic drugs, not only mediating durable responses in various malignancies, but also circumventing the limitations met from chemotherapeutic drugs, thus improving the therapeutic outcome. We also provide information about the use of taurine as a therapeutic approach to cancer. We outline how taurine or its haloamines (N-Bromotaurine or N-Chlorotaurine) can induce robust and efficient responses against inflammatory diseases, providing insight into their molecular mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the beneficial effect of taurine, its haloamines and taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in both cancer and inflammation. For one century, taurine is considered as an end product of sulfur metabolism.
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